Chronic antibiotic-resistant infections have become a global health crisis, impacting hundreds of millions of individuals worldwide. In as many as 80% of chronic infections, bacteria form biofilms—slimy substances secreted by bacteria that create a protective matrix around them. Biofilms play a significant role in antimicrobial resistance, as they shield bacteria from both human immune responses and antimicrobial drugs, increasing their resistance to treatment by up to 1000 times. These biofilms are found in various difficult-to-treat infections, including chronic wounds, urinary tract infections, cystic fibrosis-related lung infections, and even acne. Biofilms are particularly challenging to remove without mechanically breaking them up, which is not easy to do within the body. Researchers have now developed a novel drug delivery system using ultrasound-activated nanoparticles to penetrate and destroy bacterial biofilms.

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